BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY  

• Numbers to know
• T-shutter speed快門
• A-Aperture 光圈
• Lens focal length 焦距
• ISO- film sensitivity
• Image size & format

• Lens focal length 焦距
• fish-eye (6-13mm) 魚眼
• Superwide (13-24mm)
• Wide (28-35mm)
• (Human eye 50mm=40-60degree)
• Macro lens 100mm微距/ 人像
• Tele  200-500mm
• Mirror reflex lens 300-500mm  波波鏡
• compact camera1.5-1.6 x  crop factor
• Fish eye
• Mirror reflex-波波鏡
• exposure
• EXPOSURE 18% grayness (midtone zone V)
• Zone system
• system of exposure calculated by Ansel Adams
• -eleven zones of brightness image
• -zone 0- solid black
• zone 10- pure white
• Exposure value( EV)= combination of exposure time and aperture
• exposure compensation snow  +1
• dark subject -1

• T-shutter speed快門
• b- 1/2000s
• Hand held 1/60 sec to avoid unsharpness

Taking photo inside a moving car  1/500sec

• 1/focal length for tele use 1/500 sec if using 500mm tele lens
• L

• APERTURE
• 
• f-number(1 1.4 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 32)
• the fraction of the focal length of the lens
• F 2.8-narrow depth of Field-portrait
• Low light environment
• F 16 –widen depth of field for landscape
• Control exposure and depth of  field

• ISO value
• ISO 100 normal
• Increase 1S0 x 2 can decrease one EV (exposure value)
• 1/125 sec 8  ISO=100
• 1/60 sec 8  ISO =200
• 1/60 sec 11  ISO= 400
• Image size & format
• Raw + jpeg highest
• Film= 25 x 30mm=0.984 x1.88 in 20 million pix
• Print need 300dpi     (dot per inch)
• 12Rprint( 28 x 20.3cm)  need 8million pix
• 16 x 20 inch for salon competition needs 29million pix  if 300dpi
•  Or 18 million pix  if 200dpi
• Digital camera 5-20 MB
• Smart phone 1.5 MB
• Low resolution
• Format ratio
• 3:2(4Rprint)
• 4:3
• 16:9  aspect ratios(TV)
• Need 72 dpi or width has  1900 pix for landscape format and height has 1200 pix for portrait format.
• Hyperfocal distance
• Focus 1/3 of the way between the foreground & background (required zone of sharpness), because at moderate distance, the DOF extends twice as far behind the subject as in front.
• 
• COMPOSITION
• rule of thirds三分法
• Dominant object & subordinate object
• object on one of the junction points.
• 
• FLASH SYNCHRONISTATION
• Slow synch- a burst of flash with
• longer    shutter speed
  • the flash light exposes main subject
  • & background is exposed by ambient light with longer exposure
• Second curtain synchronization
• (rear-curtain sync/ trailing sync)

High dynamic range

Eye=  10-14 f-stops of dynamic range

compact cameras (5-7 stops),

digital SLR cameras (8-11 stops).